Random Notes on Jewish and Christian Writings

The Hebrew Bible, known as the Tanakh, is organized into three main sections:

1.  The Torah, or “Teaching,” also called the Pentateuch or the “Five Books of Moses”
2. The Nevi’im, or Prophets
3. The Ketuvim, or Writings

The Mishnah was created to preserve Jewish law and guide daily life. Rabbi Judah ha-Nasi, also known as Judah the Prince, compiled the Mishnah in Palestine around 200 CE. The Mishnah is divided into six primary sections: 

1. Agriculture
2. Sacred times
3. Women and personal status
4. Damages
5. Holy things
6. Purity laws

The Talmud, a commentary on the Mishnah, was written by hundreds of rabbis over four centuries. 

The Septuagint is the translation of the Jewish Bible from Hebrew to Greek made by 72 Jewish scholars in the  3rd century BC.

The Vulgate is a late 4^th-century Latin translation of the Bible made by St Jerome.

The Gutenberg Bible is an edition of the Latin Vulgate printed in the 1450s by Johannes Gutenberg.

The Wyclif Bible—translation of the Latin Vulgate Bible into English, 1380-1397.

The Tyndale Bible—William Tyndale translated the Greek New Testament into English in 1526.

The Luther Bible is a German language Bible translation by the Protestant reformer Martin Luther. The New Testament was published in September 1522; the completed Bible, including the Old Testament, Apocrypha, and New Testament, was printed in 1534.

In 1535, Miles Coverdale translated the entire Bible into English, utilizing two Latin versions, as well as the works of Tyndale, and the German translations by Luther and Zwingli.

At the Council of Trent, which took place from 1545 to 1563, the Catholic Church launched the Catholic Reformation, responding to Protestant theology. During this period, the Church also codified the Catholic Bible, which includes the Old Testament, the New Testament, and the books that Protestants refer to as the Apocrypha (hidden or secret). The Apocrypha consists of the books of Tobit, Judith, Wisdom, Sirach (also known as Ecclesiasticus), Baruch, First and Second Maccabees, and seven other books.

The Geneva Bible—In 1560, the Geneva Bible became the first English Bible to use numbered verses and was the Bible used by Shakespeare. This Bible was also the one that the Pilgrims brought to America in 1620.

The King James Bible was begun in 1604 and completed by 1611. This translation, commanded by King James I of Britain, involved 54 scholars who worked from the Greek and Hebrew manuscripts as well as earlier English editions of the Bible.

The American Standard Version, also known as The American Revision of 1901, was work begun in 1870 to revise the King James Bible.

The Revised Standard Version is an English translation of the Bible published in 1952. 

The New International Version is a translation of the Holy Bible created by over 100 scholars working directly from the best available Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek texts. It was published in 1973 with subsequent revisions.

The English Standard Version is a translation of the Bible in contemporary English. Published in 2001. 
There are other translations, including The Living Bible and The Message, two paraphrases of the Bible that convey the original meaning in contemporary language. I believe the translations listed are the most important.